The most successful club is Steaua Bucureti, who were the first Eastern European team to win the UEFA Champions League in 1986, and were runners-up in 1989. Break out your top hats and monocles; it's about to classy in here. Flag map of Romania.svg 793 561; 15 KB Flag-map of Bucharest.svg 438 466; 349 KB Flag-map of Romania (1940-1941).svg 826 578; 24 KB Flag-map of Romania (1942).svg 1,010 687; 39 KB Flag-map of Romania (1965-1989).svg 793 561; 186 KB Flag-map of Romania (January-March 1948).svg 793 561; 287 KB [3], The Romanian Orthodox Church is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church in full communion with other Orthodox churches, with a Patriarch as its leader. At the 1930 census, there were over 18 million inhabitants in Romania. total: 2,844 km border countries (5): . Transylvania Transylvania ( Romanian: Transilvania or Ardeal; Hungarian: Erdly; German: Siebenbrgen or Transsilvanien, historically berwald, also Siweberjen in the Transylvanian Saxon dialect) is a historical and cultural region in Central and Eastern Europe, encompassing central Romania. In 1859, Wallachia united with Moldavia to form the United Principalities, which adopted the name Romania in 1866 and officially became the Kingdom of Romania in 1881. 6 September. [143][144], Fearing Russian expansionism, Romania secretly joined the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in1883, but public opinion remained hostile to Austria-Hungary. [234] In 2016, the Human Development Index ranked Romania as a nation of "Very High Human Development". [375], Romania is a secular state and has no state religion. [237]:17 It lies between latitudes 43 and 49 N and longitudes 20 and 30 E. The terrain is distributed roughly equally between mountains, hills, and plains. [310], Romania is a net exporter of electrical energy and is 52nd worldwide in terms of consumption of electric energy. Romania even managed to design and build from scratch its own model of mortar, the 250mm Negrei Model 1916. [263], In December 2005, President Traian Bsescu and United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice signed an agreement that would allow a U.S. military presence at several Romanian facilities primarily in the eastern part of the country. Deputaii au adoptat noua Lege Electoral propus de USL", "Post-Accession (Anti-)Corruption Record in Romania and Bulgaria", "Foreign Policy Priorities of Romania for 2008", "Romania's Schengen Accession in Jeopardy Over Rule of Law", "Background Note: Romania U.S.-Romanian Relations", "Bucharest Herald Resources & Information", "Romania'S Relations with the Republic of Moldova", "Rediscovering History, Rediscovering Ultimate Truth", "Moldova, Romania open new chapter in bilateral relations", "Romania Finally Settles On Portuguese F-16s", "PICTURES: Romania accepts first C-27J Spartans-12/04/2010-London", "Romania: 2 soldiers killed, 1 injured in Afghanistan", "Joint Press Conference of the President of Romania Klaus Iohannis and US President Donald Trump, Rose Garden, White House Embassy of Romania to the United States of America", "Romania To Send 450 More Troops To Afghanistan", "Romania ends combat mission in Afghanistan with visit from Prime Minister", "Romania ratifies US missile shield agreement", "Hierarchical list of the Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics NUTS and the Statistical regions of Europe", "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects", "Romania to Get Next Installment of Bailout", "GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) Romania", "Net average wage in Romania slows down to real 4.8% annual rise", "Eurostat, HICP monthly data (12-month average rate of change)", "In January 2017, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was estimated at 5.4%", Industrial production up by 0.4% in euro area and EU27|Eurostat, "Top 20 companies in Romania by turnover", "IMF World Economic Outlook Database, April 2011 Central and Eastern Europe", "Romania share of economic sectors in the gross domestic product 2018", "Farmers in the EU statistics Statistics Explained", "FDI stock in Romania approaches EUR 84 bln", "Banca Naional a Romniei "The History of the Romanian Leu" Exhibition", "Romania wants to push euro adoption by 2026", "Romania External Debt 20042020 Monthly USD mn CEIC Data", "Country Comparison-Electricity Consumptiom", "Planul Naional de Aciune n Domeniul Energiei din Surse Regenerabile (PNAER)", "Economic Insights Trends and Challenges Vol.IV(LXVII) No. Romania also ranks sixth in the all-time medal count at the International Olympiad in Informatics with 107 total medals, dating back to 1989. These display as a single emoji on supported platforms. 30 machine gun, with 5,000 being built at the Cugir gun factory until the start of Operation Barbarossa in June 1941. [277] Romanian troops participated in the occupation of Iraq, reaching a peak of 730 soldiers before being slowly drawn down to 350 soldiers. The NUTS-3 (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) level divisions of the European Union reflect Romania's administrative-territorial structure and correspond to the 41counties plus Bucharest. [354] In early 2012, Romania launched its first satellite from the Centre Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana. After Independence, the Romanian Old Kingdom was divided into 33 counties. [148] After they promised Austrian-Hungarian territories with a majority of ethnic Romanian population to Romania in the Treaty of Bucharest, Romania entered the war against the Central Powers in 1916. [171] After the territorial losses, the King was forced to abdicate in favour of his minor son, MichaelI, on 6September, and Romania was transformed into a national-legionary state under the leadership of General Ion Antonescu. [193][194][195], In 1948, the state began to nationalise private firms and to collectivise agriculture. After peasant calls for land reform snowballed into an avalanche, King Ferdinand had to oblige, especially once the Russian Revolution had encouraged peasants to take the matter in their own hands. It is a semi-presidential republic where executive functions are held by both the government and the president. [323] Tourism in Romania attracted 400million in investments in 2005. [38] Dacia was again united under Decebalus around 85AD. Warships built include the submarines NMSRechinul and NMSMarsuinul, a class of 4 minesweepers, 6 Dutch-designed torpedo boats[39] and 2 gunboats.[40]. [210][211], The subsequent disintegration of the Front produced several political parties, including most notably the Social Democratic Party (PDSR then PSD) and the Democratic Party (PD and subsequently PDL). [190] Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, a communist party leader imprisoned in 1933, escaped in 1944 to become Romania's first communist leader. [184] Stalin's deputy instructed the King to make the Communists' candidate, Petru Groza, the prime minister in March 1945. [384] Its larger urban zone has a population of almost 2.2million,[385] which are planned to be included into a metropolitan area up to 20times the area of the city proper. [255] Bucharest Metro, the only underground railway system, was opened in 1979 and measures 61.41km (38.16mi) with an average ridership in 2007 of 600,000 passengers during the workweek in the country. December 1. [301] Romania's FDI outward stock (an external or foreign business either investing in or purchasing the stock of a local economy) amounted to $745million in December 2018, the lowest value among the 28 EU member states. The legislative branch of the government, collectively known as the Parliament (residing at the Palace of the Parliament), consists of two chambers (Senate and Chamber of Deputies) whose members are elected every four years by simple plurality. [121][122], A census revealed that the Romanians were more numerous than any other ethnic group in Transylvania in 1733, but legislation continued to use contemptuous adjectives (such as "tolerated" and "admitted") when referring to them. [237]:17 A total of 103of the larger cities have municipality status, which gives them greater administrative power over local affairs. [409], In the 20thcentury, a number of Romanian artists and writers achieved international acclaim, including: Tristan Tzara, Marcel Janco,[410] Mircea Eliade, Nicolae Grigorescu, Marin Preda, Liviu Rebreanu,[411] Eugne Ionesco, Emil Cioran, and Constantin Brncui. [3] Like other countries in the region, its population is expected to decline gradually as a result of sub-replacement fertility rates and negative net migration rate. Key information and statistics about the Kingdom of Romania during the First World War. The Romanian Old Kingdom (Romanian: Vechiul Regat or just Regat; German: Regat or Altreich) is a colloquial term referring to the territory covered by the first independent Romanian nation state, which was composed of the Danubian Principalities Wallachia and Moldavia. [88][89], The Mongols destroyed large territories during their invasion of Eastern and Central Europe in1241 and1242. [132] In Transylvania, most Romanians supported the imperial government against the Hungarian revolutionaries after the Diet passed a law concerning the union of Transylvania and Hungary. [219][220], Nevertheless, there have been efforts to tackle corruption. The Romanian peasantry was among the poorest in the region, a situation aggravated by one of Europe's highest birth rates. Additionally, 71,417 people are irreligious, 57,205 are atheist, 25,485 are agnostic, and 2,895,539 people chose to not declare their religion. During this period the regime launched several campaigns of purges during which numerous "enemies of the state" and "parasite elements" were targeted for different forms of punishment including: deportation, internal exile, internment in forced labour camps and prisonssometimes for lifeas well as extrajudicial killing. The new state was also a highly centralized one, so it was unlikely that the Hungarian or German minorities would exercise political influence without personal connections in the government in Bucharest. [271] The Air Force purchased seven new C-27J Spartan tactical airlifters,[272] while the Naval Forces acquired two modernised Type 22 frigates from the British Royal Navy. Most of the Danube Delta is found inside Romania. [346] In 2018, however, Romania lost its voting rights in the ESA due to a failure to pay 56.8million in membership contributions to the agency. The most common causes of death are cardiovascular diseases and cancer. It also refers to a pan-nationalist idea. [286] According to Eurostat, Romania's GDP per capita (PPS) was 70%of the EU average (100%) in 2019, an increase from 44%in 2007 (the year of Romania's accession to the EU), making Romania one of the fastest growing economies in the EU. Romania Map Flag - Etsy Hypothetical map of Romania by Cezar Bolliac (1855) "Long Live Greater Romania", reconstruction of the "Darnia Banner", . 1881 The Romanian situation. [412][413] Romanian-born Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986, while Banat Swabian writer Herta Mller received the 2009 Nobel Prize in Literature. [76][77] Significant Pecheneg groups fled to the Byzantine Empire in the1040s; the Oghuz Turks followed them, and the nomadic Cumans became the dominant power of the steppes in the1060s. [408] Several writers rose to prominence in the 19thcentury, including: George Cobuc, Ioan Slavici, Mihail Koglniceanu, Vasile Alecsandri, Nicolae Blcescu, Ion Luca Caragiale, Ion Creang, and Mihai Eminescu, the later being considered the greatest and most influential Romanian poet, particularly for the poem Luceafrul. D. Berg-Schlosser, J. Mitchell, Springer, Feb 23, 2000. [176] Romanian and German troops massacred at least 160,000 local Jews in these territories; more than 105,000 Jews and about 11,000 Gypsies died during their deportation from Bessarabia to Transnistria. The royal dictatorship was brief. [15][16], Romania made no further territorial claims; nonetheless the kingdom's expansion aroused enmity from several of its neighbors, including Bulgaria, the Soviet Union, and especially Hungary. I drew the kingdom of Romania in 1916 map with flag - YouTube [38] A few prototype vehicles were also built, such as the Mareal tank destroyer, which is credited with being the inspiration for the German Hetzer,[37] a Renault R-35 tank with a T-26 turret[37] and an artillery tractor known as T-1. [98], Princes MirceaI and VladIII of Wallachia, and StephenIII of Moldavia defended their countries' independence against the Ottomans. In November1940, Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and, consequently, in June1941 entered World War II on the Axis side, fighting against the Soviet Union until August1944, when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania. What Lessons for the Spatial Policy?
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